Knowledge Tree
Relations (1)
cross_type 2.58 — strongly supporting 5 facts
France is the primary architect of the concept of strategic autonomy, having introduced it in its 1994 white paper on defense [1], [2] and evolving it from its previous doctrine of 'strategic independence' [3]. France actively promotes this concept to define its own level of dependence on the United States [4] and to advocate for autonomous European defense capabilities [5].
Facts (5)
Sources
Independence play: Europe's pursuit of strategic autonomy ecfr.eu 5 facts
perspectiveFor France, strategic autonomy is defined as choosing the level of dependence on the United States, rather than achieving strategic independence from the United States.
accountThe concept of strategic autonomy replaced the concept of 'strategic independence' that had prevailed in France since the beginning of the Fifth Republic.
claimFrance's 2008 white paper on defence proposed the strategic autonomy of the European Union to create autonomous and permanent European defence and strategic planning capabilities.
accountThe concept of strategic autonomy first appeared in official French documents in the 1994 white paper on defence, having been part of French doctrinal debate for decades prior.
accountMany European Union member states perceive 'strategic autonomy' as a French concept, as France first utilized the term in its 1994 white paper on defense.