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related 4.09 — strongly supporting 16 facts
The concepts of [body] and [soul] are fundamentally linked through the philosophical framework of substance dualism, which explores their distinct realities and potential union as described in [1] and [2]. Various historical and theological perspectives, such as those of Plato, Aristotle, and John Calvin, define their relationship either as separate entities [3], [4] or as an integrated composite [5], [6], [7].
Facts (16)
Sources
Mind and Consciousness - St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology saet.ac.uk 7 facts
claimThe Council of Chalcedon referred to Jesus as having a rational soul and body, which serves as a historical hint of soul-body dualism in post-Nicene creeds.
claimTheological anthropology that recognizes both souls and bodies is often referred to as substance dualism.
claimJohn Calvin, in his 1960 work, interprets the biblical passage Ecclesiastes 12:7 as equating 'spirit' with 'soul', asserting that when the soul is freed from the body at death, God becomes its keeper.
claimSubstance dualism, which recognizes the distinct reality of the soul or mind and the body, has been developed by Clement of Alexandria, Origen of Alexandria, Augustine of Hippo, the Florentine Academy, John Calvin, the Cambridge Platonists, René Descartes, John Locke, Thomas Reid, Richard Swinburne, and Alvin Plantinga.
claimMany Christians understand the resurrection of humans as the reuniting of soul and body, resulting in a resurrected body that is imperishable and spiritual.
claimThe Book of Common Prayer invites believers to present their souls and bodies as an oblation to God, reflecting the Christian liturgical use of the concepts of soul and body.
quoteMoreover, there can be no question that man consists of a body and a soul; meaning by soul, an immaterial though created essence, which is his nobler part. Sometimes he is called a spirit.
Dualism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Winter 2016 Edition) plato.stanford.edu 6 facts
perspectiveThomas Aquinas argued that prayers addressed to saints (excluding the Blessed Virgin Mary) should be directed to the 'soul of the saint' rather than the saint themselves, because the soul is only a complete person when united with the body.
claimPlato argued in the Phaedo that the intellect is immaterial because it must have an affinity with the immaterial Forms it apprehends, and this affinity drives the soul to strive to leave the body and dwell in the realm of Forms.
claimModern Aristotelians emphasize that Aristotle was not a 'Cartesian' dualist because he viewed the soul as the form of the body rather than a separate substance.
claimAristotle explained the union of body and soul by defining the soul as the form of the body, implying that a person's soul is equivalent to their nature as a human being.
claimA significant problem with Plato's dualism is the lack of a clear explanation for what binds a specific soul to a specific body, making their union a mystery.
claimAristotle's theory of the soul has been interpreted by many ancient and modern scholars as materialistic because it characterizes the soul as a property of the body.
Dualism, Physicalism, and Philosophy of Mind - Capturing Christianity capturingchristianity.com 1 fact
perspectiveThe author of the Capturing Christianity article prefers the view that a person is a soul that maintains a special causal relationship with their body, rather than viewing a person as a composite of body and soul.
The Hard Problem of Consciousness | Springer Nature Link link.springer.com 1 fact
claimRichard Rorty (1979) argues that while the Greeks viewed the body and soul as separated, they considered sensations to pertain to the body, whereas intellect or reason was viewed as divine and separated from the physical body.
The Compatibility of Christianity with Panpsychism, Part 1 theologycommons.gcu.edu 1 fact
perspectiveContemporary Christian philosophers generally view the immaterial soul and physical body as more integrated than René Descartes did, aiming to preserve the body's value and its relationship to identity.