Justification not yet generated — showing supporting facts

• Proponents of virtue epistemology claim that it offers advantages such as bypassing disputes between foundationalists and coherentists regarding cognitive structure, avoiding skeptical worries, avoiding the impasse between internalism and externalism, and broadening the range of epistemological inquiry to include values like understanding and wisdom.
• The dispute between internalism and externalism regarding justification is a dispute about the nature of J-factors.
• Richard Fumerton discussed internalist and externalist perspectives on the epistemic role of testimony in a 2006 publication.
• Evidentialism is an internalist theory of justification, whereas reliabilism is an externalist theory of justification.
• Ernest Sosa and John Greco have argued against internalism and advocated for externalism as the primary method to resolve skepticism.
• Ernest Sosa's account of virtue epistemology can circumvent Cartesian skepticism by requiring the interaction of externalism and internalism.
• Internalism and externalism in epistemology focus on the sources of justification and belief.
• There are two primary approaches to construing justification: in terms of the believer’s mind (internalism) or in terms of the world (externalism).
• Robert A. Wilson authored the article 'Externalism and Internalism in the Philosophy of Mind' for Oxford Bibliographies in 2023.
• Epistemological positions are not mutually exclusive; for example, an individual can be an externalist regarding knowledge while being an internalist regarding justification, or simultaneously a fallibilist and a foundationalist.
• Evidentialism is typically associated with internalism, while reliabilism is typically associated with externalism.
• Naturalistic epistemology is not inherently committed to either internalism or externalism, though many naturalistic epistemologists are externalists who endorse reliabilist theories of justification.
• Mikkel Gerken analyzed the debate between internalism and externalism in the epistemology of testimony in a 2013 article.
• Internalism and externalism debate whether justification is determined solely by mental states or also by external circumstances.