testimony ↔ Sanford Goldberg

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cross_type 2.00 — strongly supporting 3 facts

Sanford Goldberg is a philosopher who develops theories regarding the epistemic status of testimony, specifically analyzing how a hearer's belief can constitute knowledge despite defective testimony as described in [1], [2], and [3].

Facts (3)

Sources

Epistemology of Testimony | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3 facts

claimSanford Goldberg argues that the hearer's (S) belief is safe because the presence of an agent or mechanism (A) would prevent the testifier's (T) false testimony from being believed, even though the testifier's testimony is unsafe because it is based on usually misleading evidence.

claimSanford Goldberg suggests that beliefs partly based on defective testimony can constitute knowledge if the other part of the belief's basis, specifically the guaranteeing function of the agent or mechanism (A), cures the defect in the testimony.

claimSanford Goldberg asserts that in cases where the hearer (S) knows about the role of the agent or mechanism (A), the hearer relies on a 'T-in-A's-presence' hybrid rather than relying solely on the testifier (T).