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related 5.46 — strongly supporting 47 facts
Hemp and marijuana are both categorized as cannabis, with their legal distinction defined by THC concentration levels as established in [1]. Furthermore, they are linked through ongoing agricultural concerns regarding cross-pollination between different cannabis crops as noted in [2] and [3].
Facts (47)
Sources
Hemp vs. marijuana: Cross-pollination concerns grow | Verisk verisk.com 20 facts
claimWashington State Senate Bill 5276 was signed into law and removed a four-mile distance requirement between outdoor growers of hemp and marijuana.
measurementPollination of female hemp or marijuana plants can result in a 56 percent reduction in oil production, specifically regarding CBD or THC content.
claimExperts have suggested maintaining a distance of 10 miles between hemp and marijuana fields to help prevent unintended cross-pollination caused by wind-blown pollen.
measurementApproximately 8 percent of marijuana production in Oregon is estimated to be impacted by cross-pollination from nearby hemp crops.
claimHemp and marijuana plants are members of the same species, which allows them to cross-pollinate, meaning pollen from a male plant can pollinate a female plant.
claimExperts have suggested a distance of 10 miles between hemp and marijuana fields to help prevent cross-pollination.
claimCross-pollination from hemp crops can reportedly reduce the cannabinoid content of a marijuana field by approximately 1 percent.
claimThe rapid growth of the hemp industry has led to an increase in disputes regarding cross-pollination with other cannabis crops.
claimCannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid compound found in both marijuana and hemp that may possess therapeutic effects.
accountA marijuana farmer estimated a loss of approximately $40,000 after his 600-plant farm was cross-pollinated by pollen from male plants originating from a neighboring hemp grower.
claimThe cross-pollination between marijuana and hemp crops has emerged as a source of conflict within the agricultural industry.
claimHemp and marijuana industries cultivate only female plants and attempt to remove male plants from farms as quickly as possible to avoid pollination-related oil reduction.
claimWashington State Senate Bill 5276 was signed into law, which removed a four-mile distance requirement between outdoor growers of hemp and marijuana.
claimCannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid compound found in both marijuana and hemp that may have therapeutic effects.
claimHemp and marijuana plants are members of the same species and can cross-pollinate, meaning pollen from a male plant can fertilize a female plant.
claimMichigan state agencies that regulate marijuana and hemp do not coordinate to mitigate cross-pollination, and because field location information is not public, farmers face difficulty in voluntarily spacing fields far enough apart.
procedureTo mitigate the negative effects of cross-pollination, farmers in the hemp and marijuana industries attempt to cultivate only female plants and remove male plants from farms as soon as possible.
claimUnintended cross-pollination between hemp and marijuana fields can occur when pollen from an outdoor field is carried by the wind to other fields.
claimIn Michigan, state agencies that regulate marijuana and hemp do not coordinate to mitigate cross-pollination, and location information for these fields is not public, making it difficult for farmers to voluntarily space fields far enough apart.
accountA marijuana farmer estimated he will lose about $40,000 after his 600-plant farm was cross-pollinated by pollen from male plants originating from a neighboring hemp grower.
Industry-Based Misconceptions Regarding Cross-Pollination of ... frontiersin.org 12 facts
claimA common misconception among hemp growers is that cross-pollination of marijuana pollen onto female hemp plants immediately increases the THC concentration in the current hemp crop.
claimCannabis spp. is classified into two categories: marijuana, which is high in Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and hemp, which contains less than 0.3% THC.
referenceGrassa et al. (2021) published 'A new cannabis genome assembly associates elevated cannabidiol (CBD) with hemp introgressed into marijuana' in New Phytologist, identifying a genetic association between CBD levels and hemp introgression.
claimEstablishing a buffer zone, even further distant than suggested, helps lower the risk of cross-pollination between hemp and marijuana crops.
perspectiveA common misconception in the cannabis industry is that cross-pollination from high-THC marijuana plants causes hemp crops to become 'hot' (high in THC) and therefore illegal.
accountIn Oregon, a hemp farm was required to destroy its crop of female plants due to high THC levels attributed to cross-pollination from a neighboring marijuana cultivation containing male plants.
claimMany governments have adopted a 5-kilometer buffer zone between hemp and marijuana cultivations to mitigate the risk of cross-pollination.
measurementMarijuana pollen grains contain Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) at a concentration of 0.16 g%, which is below the 0.3% THC limit for hemp.
referenceComplete genome sequencing on hemp and marijuana has identified the chromosomal location of the THCA synthase gene, which catalyzes the formation of THCA from CBGA, and has identified evolutionary events causing copy number variation in THCA genes.
claimHigh THC levels in a hemp field can be caused by environmental stressors (such as light spectrums and water deficit), the use of highly heterozygous seeds containing high THC alleles, or the use of seeds resulting from hemp cross-pollinated with marijuana.
claimThe 2018 Farm Bill established the legal definition of hemp as cannabis with a Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration of less than 0.3%.
claimCross-pollination of marijuana pollen onto female hemp plants does not alter the genetics of the current pollinated plant; instead, the altered genetics only appear in the seeds produced by that plant.
Myths and realities of hemp and cross-pollination - Marijuana Venture marijuanaventure.com 8 facts
claimThe cross-pollination risk between hemp and marijuana is botanically analogous to the risk between field corn and sweet corn.
perspectiveThe author of the Marijuana Venture article argues that while the concern regarding hemp and marijuana cross-pollination is valid, it does not warrant the level of hysteria observed in Washington.
claimCross-pollination between marijuana and hemp is more financially disastrous for marijuana growers than for hemp farmers due to the higher production costs and market value of medical and adult-use marijuana.
claimCross-pollination of hemp with marijuana significantly reduces the potency of the marijuana plants.
claimThere is no plant species known as 'Cannabis hemp,' and hemp is not a synonym for marijuana, pot, or ganja.
quoteAnndrea Hermann describes a 10-mile distance between hemp and marijuana fields as "a nice, country road drive!"
claimHemp plants go to seed quickly, creating a risk of cross-pollinating marijuana plants grown in the same or nearby fields.
quoteAnndrea Hermann refers to the issue of marijuana and hemp cross-pollination as the “Cannabis Clash” and “Cannabis Sex 101.”
Weighing the risk of cannabis cross-pollination - Hemp Production canr.msu.edu 4 facts
claimThe introduction of hemp grown for grain and fiber in Michigan increases the risk of cross-pollination for marijuana and CBD hemp growers.
referenceStokes, J.R., Hartel, R., Ford, L.B., and Casale, T.B. (2000) published 'Cannabis (hemp) positive skin tests and respiratory symptoms' in the Annals of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, 85:238-240.
claimMunicipalities in Michigan have the legal authority to restrict where marijuana is grown, which may provide flexibility for hemp production in communities that choose to opt out of marijuana cultivation.
claimAuto-flowering cannabis cultivars exist that flower based on age rather than photoperiod, and breeding this trait into elite cannabis cultivars could potentially offset pollen release in hemp from flowering in female marijuana and CBD hemp plants.
Industry-Based Misconceptions Regarding Cross-Pollination of ... researchgate.net 1 fact
claimThe belief that hemp becomes "hot" (high in THC) if it is cross-pollinated by high-THC cannabis is a misconception according to the paper 'Industry-Based Misconceptions Regarding Cross-Pollination of Cannabis spp'.
Unknown source 1 fact
claimExperts cited in the Marijuana Venture article 'Myths and realities of hemp and cross-pollination' state that a distance of 10 miles between hemp fields and marijuana fields is appropriate to avoid cross-pollination.
“Plants of the Gods” and their hallucinogenic powers in ... surgicalneurologyint.com 1 fact
claimCannabis sativa is a plant in the Hemp family grown worldwide, known by names including hashish, hemp, weed, and marijuana.