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Panpsychism and panprotopsychism are closely related philosophical positions regarding the nature of consciousness in fundamental entities, often discussed together as alternative or complementary views in monist frameworks {fact:1, fact:5}. They are frequently compared in their ability to address the combination problem [1] and the 'incredulous stare' objection [2], and are both central topics in the work of philosophers like David Chalmers {fact:4, fact:6, fact:9}.
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Non-physicalist Theories of Consciousness cambridge.org 4 facts
claimDual-aspect monism implies panpsychism (the view that consciousness is everywhere) or panprotopsychism (the view that protoconsciousness is everywhere), meaning even non-living entities like fundamental particles possess some fundamental form of consciousness or protoconsciousness.
perspectivePanprotopsychism is considered to have an advantage over panpsychism regarding the 'incredulous stare' objection because attributing protoconsciousness to particles or the cosmos is perceived as more plausible than attributing full-blown consciousness.
claimGalen Strawson's argument regarding brute emergence supports panpsychism (in its strong version) or panprotopsychism (in its weak version), which are views that fundamental physical entities are conscious or protoconscious.
claimThe argument that causal powers are mental or protomental leads to panpsychism or panprotopsychism.
The Hard Problem of Consciousness | Springer Nature Link link.springer.com 2 facts
claimPanprotopsychism may be less vulnerable to the subject combination problem than panpsychism, but it faces the additional challenge of explaining how micro-non-experiences constitute macroexperiences.
claimDavid Chalmers believes that a panpsychist or panprotopsychist approach to phenomenal composition is perhaps the only viable line of reasoning, though he acknowledges it is not clear how phenomenal composition could work as a form of constitutive composition.
David Chalmers - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 1 fact
claimDavid Chalmers speculates that all information-bearing systems may be conscious, leading him to consider the possibility of conscious thermostats and a form of panpsychism he terms "panprotopsychism."
Panpsychism - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 1 fact
claimIn versions of neutral monism where the fundamental constituents are both mental and physical, the philosophy may lead to panpsychism, panprotopsychism, or dual aspect theory.
Hard problem of consciousness - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 1 fact
referenceDavid Chalmers authored the chapter 'Panpsychism and Panprotopsychism' in the book 'Panpsychism: Contemporary Perspectives', published by Oxford University Press in 2016.