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Dualism is a philosophical framework defined by its specific stance on the nature of the mind, positing that the mind is distinct from or irreducible to the physical body or matter as described in [1], [2], and [3]. Philosophers like Descartes have historically used dualism to characterize the mind as an independent entity [4], [5], and [6], while others analyze the mind's relationship to the physical world through this lens [7], [8], and [9].
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Dualism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Winter 2016 Edition) plato.stanford.edu 5 facts
perspectiveTo avoid ontological dualism, the mind possessing a perspective must be considered part of the physical reality it observes.
claimDualism defines the mind in contrast to the body, though the specific aspects of the mind that receive focus have shifted throughout history.
claimDavid Hume's bundle theory is a theory about the nature of the unity of the mind and is not necessarily dualist.
quoteGilbert Ryle described the mind, as conceived by the dualist, as a 'ghost in a machine'.
claimArguments against physicalism are also arguments for the irreducible and immaterial nature of the mind, and consequently, arguments for dualism.
Unknown source 2 facts
claimAccording to the philosophical theory of dualism, the mind exists independently of the brain and has the capacity to influence the brain, which gives rise to conscious experience.
perspectiveMost philosophers reject dualism in favor of physicalism, which is the philosophical view that everything in the universe, including the mind, is physical.
Hard problem of consciousness - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 2 facts
Philosophical perspectives on mind and environment - Facebook facebook.com 1 fact
claimDualism posits that the environment and the mind are distinct entities, asserting that either the mind or the environment is eternal, both are eternal, or both are single-serving existences.
Critique of Panpsychism: Philosophical Coherence and Scientific ... thequran.love 1 fact
claimMaterialism assumes that physical structure is all that exists, dualism assumes the existence of two substances, and panpsychism assumes an underlying continuity of mind in matter.
Panpsychism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2015 Edition) plato.stanford.edu 1 fact
claimRené Descartes's dualism of mind and body was motivated by the desire to remove the mind from the scientific picture of the world.
Mind and Consciousness - St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology saet.ac.uk 1 fact
quotePaul along with most Jews and other early Christians habitually thought of man as a duality of two parts, corporeal and incorporeal, meant to function in unity but distinct and capable of separation [...] There is no single formula by which Paul expresses his dualist view of human nature, but terms such as ‘inner man’, ‘spirit’, ‘mind’, and ‘heart’ all refer to the incorporeal aspect or part, and terms such as ‘outer man’, ‘flesh’, ‘body’, ‘members’, and so forth all refer to the corporeal aspect or part.
Panpsychism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2025 Edition) plato.stanford.edu 1 fact
claimDualism is the philosophical view that mind and matter are fundamentally different kinds of things, which creates challenges regarding the disunity of nature and the interaction between mind and brain.
Panpsychism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu 1 fact
claimRené Descartes proposed dualism of mind and body as a way to remove the mind from the scientific picture of the world.