Iraq was a primary belligerent in the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), as evidenced by its military buildup [1], its strategic relationship with the United States during the conflict [2], and the significant economic and human costs it incurred {fact:7, fact:8, fact:9}. Furthermore, the war's aftermath directly influenced Iraq's subsequent geopolitical actions, including its grievances against Kuwait [3] and its miscalculation of international responses to its later invasion [4].