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Beliefs are categorized as a specific type of mental state within analytic functionalism [1] and Theory of Mind frameworks [2], while epistemological inquiry into mental states often centers on the justification of beliefs held about others [3].

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Self-Consciousness - Open Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science oecs.mit.edu MIT Press 1 fact

claimTheory of Mind (ToM) is based on mental states such as beliefs, desires, hopes, and fears, and posits that humans understand and predict the behavior of other social beings by attributing these mental states to them and utilizing implicit knowledge of how these states interact to generate behavior.

Naturalized Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1 fact

claimTraditional epistemologists often assume that evidence for beliefs about the mental states of others consists primarily of observations of their behavior, then question whether that evidence is sufficient to justify those beliefs.

AI Sessions #9: The Case Against AI Consciousness (with Anil Seth) conspicuouscognition.com Conspicuous Cognition 1 fact

claimAnalytic functionalism defines mental states based on everyday folk psychology, characterizing them through common understanding of how people form, hold, and lose mental states like beliefs.