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Marijuana is defined as a category of cannabis characterized by high levels of THC, distinguishing it from hemp based on legal concentration thresholds {fact:7, fact:16}. Furthermore, scientific research and genetic studies focus on the production, variation, and synthesis of THC within marijuana plants {fact:3, fact:4, fact:19}.
Facts (19)
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Industry-Based Misconceptions Regarding Cross-Pollination of ... frontiersin.org 10 facts
claimA common misconception among hemp growers is that cross-pollination of marijuana pollen onto female hemp plants immediately increases the THC concentration in the current hemp crop.
claimCannabis spp. is classified into two categories: marijuana, which is high in Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and hemp, which contains less than 0.3% THC.
perspectiveA common misconception in the cannabis industry is that cross-pollination from high-THC marijuana plants causes hemp crops to become 'hot' (high in THC) and therefore illegal.
accountIn Oregon, a hemp farm was required to destroy its crop of female plants due to high THC levels attributed to cross-pollination from a neighboring marijuana cultivation containing male plants.
measurementMarijuana pollen grains contain Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) at a concentration of 0.16 g%, which is below the 0.3% THC limit for hemp.
referenceComplete genome sequencing on hemp and marijuana has identified the chromosomal location of the THCA synthase gene, which catalyzes the formation of THCA from CBGA, and has identified evolutionary events causing copy number variation in THCA genes.
claimHigh THC levels in a hemp field can be caused by environmental stressors (such as light spectrums and water deficit), the use of highly heterozygous seeds containing high THC alleles, or the use of seeds resulting from hemp cross-pollinated with marijuana.
claimThe 2018 Farm Bill established the legal definition of hemp as cannabis with a Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration of less than 0.3%.
measurementCaplan et al. (2019) demonstrated that subjecting cannabis plants to drought for 11 days during the flowering stage increases THC levels by 50% and CBD levels by 67%.
measurementCampbell et al. (2019) found that genetics account for 80% of THC variation and 83% of CBD variation in cannabis, while environmental conditions account for 1.7% of THC variation and 6% of CBD variation.
Hemp vs. marijuana: Cross-pollination concerns grow | Verisk verisk.com 2 facts
measurementPollination of female hemp or marijuana plants can result in a 56 percent reduction in oil production, specifically regarding CBD or THC content.
claimIndustrial hemp is defined as any part of the cannabis plant with a delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration of not more than 0.3 percent on a dry weight basis.
Weighing the risk of cannabis cross-pollination - Hemp Production canr.msu.edu 2 facts
Industry-Based Misconceptions Regarding Cross-Pollination of ... researchgate.net 1 fact
claimThe belief that hemp becomes "hot" (high in THC) if it is cross-pollinated by high-THC cannabis is a misconception according to the paper 'Industry-Based Misconceptions Regarding Cross-Pollination of Cannabis spp'.
Myths and realities of hemp and cross-pollination - Marijuana Venture marijuanaventure.com 1 fact
claimIndustrial hemp is non-psychoactive and contains a higher ratio of CBD to THC compared to marijuana.
Unknown source 1 fact
claimThe article 'Industry-Based Misconceptions Regarding Cross-Pollination of ...' published in Frontiers in Plant Science refutes the misconception that cross-pollination increases THC levels in cannabis plants by identifying alternative methods that contribute to high THC levels.
the consumption of psychoactive plants in ancient global and ... academia.edu 1 fact
claimPsychoactive ingredients used in religious rituals include narcotic analgesics (opium), THC (cannabis), psilocybin (magic mushrooms), mescaline (peyote), ibogaine (Tabernanthe iboga), DMT (Ayahuasca and phalaris species), Peganum harmala, bufotenin, muscimol (Amanita muscaria), thujone (absinthe, Arthemisia absinthium), ephedra, mandragora, star lotus, and Salvia divinorum.
A critical review of industrial fiber hemp anatomy, agronomic ... bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu 1 fact
claimIndustrial hemp is defined by the US Food and Drug Administration as Cannabis with a delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration of 0.3% or less, while Cannabis with THC content above 0.3% is classified as marijuana.