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related 11.00 — strongly supporting 11 facts
Open source hardware serves as the empirical basis and subject matter for open source product development (OSPD) practices, as evidenced by the definition of OSPD as the collective development of hardware products [1] and the use of hardware data to study these development processes [2]. Their relationship is further illustrated by the Open Source Hardware Life Cycle, which maps the interplay between these two concepts [3], and their shared positioning within a continuum of innovation practices [4].
Facts (11)
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Seven observations and research questions about Open Design ... cambridge.org 11 facts
claimOpen Source Hardware and Open Source Product Development (OSPD) may only gain a significant audience and ecosystem of participants if a 'Linux-like product'—defined as an essential infrastructure product that generates significant economic activity—emerges.
claimCurrent practices in Open Source Hardware, Open Source Product Development (OSPD), and Open Design are primarily focused on early-stage design processes, such as prototyping and technology development, and on distributed, low-tech manufacturing.
claimThe analysis of 105 Open Source Hardware projects on GitHub did not demonstrate the existence of massively distributed development projects that adopt an Open Source Product Development (OSPD) process from the initial idea through to a commercialized product.
claimThe authors define 'Open Source Product Development' as the development of Open Source Hardware products performed in a collective process allowing the participation of any interested person.
claimCurrent Open Source Hardware and Open Source Product Development (OSPD) practices often recreate controlling mechanisms to maintain the applicability of known design methods in the absence of formal hierarchies.
claimOpen Source Hardware data provides an empirical anchor for studying Open Source Product Development (OSPD) practices, offering an alternative to speculative or programmatic research contributions in the Open Design literature.
claimWhile some pioneering businesses have built upon Open Source Hardware by releasing products or appropriating external designs, the authors of 'Seven observations and research questions about Open Design and Open Source Hardware' are unaware of any company that has led or participated in an Open Source Product Development (OSPD) process.
measurementAn analysis of the versioning control history of 256 repositories characterized Open Source Hardware development as a heterogeneous field that exists on a continuum between Open Source Product Development (OSPD) and public innovation practices, ranging from active contributor communities to dormant projects.
claimOpen Source Hardware and Open Source Product Development (OSPD) initiatives often mimic conventional, centrally structured product development processes to fit into existing prescriptive design methods.
claimThe authors of 'Seven observations and research questions about Open Design and Open Source Hardware' recommend six actions for research and policy to support Open Design and Open Source Product Development (OSPD): (i) encourage business involvement and industry-led open industrialization, (ii) clarify definitions through large-scale comparative studies, (iii) experiment with extreme openness, (iv) generate practical guidance for OSPD processes, (v) push standardization for both product and process openness, and (vi) consolidate the understanding of OSPD and Open Design as a socio-technical phenomenon.
referenceThe Open Source Hardware Life Cycle, as illustrated in Figure 3, depicts the interplay between Open Source Product Development (OSPD), Open Source Hardware, and public innovation.