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cross_type 3.81 — strongly supporting 13 facts
The European Union is actively redefining its industrial policy to prioritize competitiveness, sovereignty, and technology gap closure, as evidenced by its strategic shift from competition-focused regulation to more interventionist frameworks [1], [2], and [3]. This evolution is documented through historical shifts in policy subordination [4], [5], and recent institutional reports like the 2024 Draghi Report [6], [3].
Facts (13)
Sources
The EU's Open Strategic Autonomy and the challenge of ... globalpolicyjournal.com 8 facts
claimGermany shifted towards tighter integration of European Union industrial policy following a series of Chinese acquisitions that culminated in the 2016 takeover of Kuka, a major German robotics company.
referenceThe European Union has developed a consensus on pursuing more assertive trade and industrial policies, characterized by competitiveness, drastic simplification, targeted support for innovative EU partnerships, and protection from unfair foreign competition, as outlined in the 2024 Draghi Report, the 2025 Competitiveness Compass, and the 2025 Clean Industrial Deal.
claimHistorically, the European Union's industrial policy has been subordinated to its competition policy, despite the European Commission's vocal support for competitiveness.
referenceThe 2009 Lisbon Treaty established that EU industrial policy decisions must be made by the European Parliament and the Council using the co-decision procedure.
claimEuropean Union competitiveness is defined as being at the crossroads of domestic industrial policy and foreign trade policy, and has been used as a synonym for growth-productivity or as an equivalent of trade performance, such as revealed comparative advantage and market shares.
accountFrom the 1980s until the mid-2010s, the subordination of industrial policy to competition policy led the European Economic Community (EEC) and later the EU to prioritize a level playing field over interventionist support for industrial champions.
claimEU industrial policy is regulated through shared competence between the European Union and Member States via the co-decision procedure, whereas EU competition policy is based on exclusive EU competence, granting the European Commission greater maneuverability over Member States.
claimThe 'China shock' (Autor et al. 2013), the 2016 Brexit vote, and the policy shifts of the United States during Donald Trump's first presidential term pressured the European Union to redefine its trade and industrial policies.
Strategic Rivalry between United States and China swp-berlin.org 2 facts
claimThe European Union views cooperation, competition, and self-protection through a modern industrial policy designed to close the technology gap as legitimate modes for a policy of self-assertion.
perspectiveThe European Union views cooperation and competition as legitimate modes for a policy of self-assertion, alongside self-protection through a modern industrial policy designed to close the technology gap.
The EU's Evolving Approach to Open Strategic Autonomy: a Critical ... celis.institute 1 fact
claimOpen Strategic Autonomy has emerged as a defining concept in European Union policy, characterized by two key dimensions: the central role of industrial policy and the integration of competitiveness with sovereignty and security concerns.
The European Union's Strategic Autonomy, Transatlantic Shifts and ... frictions.europeamerica.de 1 fact
claimMario Draghi, in his 2024 report on EU competitiveness, emphasized the necessity of overcoming single market fragmentation and implementing a coherent industrial policy.
Research & Publications – Home - MIT Sites sites.mit.edu 1 fact
claimThe European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism is unlikely to be the only Border Carbon Adjustment, as various jurisdictions are contemplating similar measures to support ambitious climate change mitigation policies, national security, and industrial policy.