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• During the ovulation phase, the egg is released from the dominant follicle in the ovary.
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), produced by the pituitary gland, initiates follicle (egg) development and causes estrogen levels to rise.
• During the follicular phase, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) causes follicles in the ovaries to grow, and between days 10 and 14, one follicle forms a mature egg (ovum).
• “The luteal phase gets its name because once the follicle releases the egg, there’s a leftover structure that is called the corpus luteum,” explains Dr. O’Connor.
• Each menstrual cycle, one of the ovaries produces a ripened egg, known as an ovum, which develops within a fluid-filled sac called a follicle.
• Upon the maturity of an ovum, the follicle and the ovary's wall rupture, allowing the ovum to escape and enter the fallopian tube.
• During the follicular phase, changing hormone levels cause the uterine lining to thicken and follicles to grow on the surface of the ovaries, with usually one follicle maturing into an egg.
• During the ovulation phase, estrogen levels peak, triggering a spike of luteinizing hormone (LH), which causes the release of the mature egg from its follicle into the fallopian tube towards the uterus.
• During the ovulatory phase, the rise in estrogen from the dominant follicle triggers a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) production by the brain, which causes the dominant follicle to release its egg from the ovary.
• “When people are using ovulation strips to test, they are measuring the luteinizing hormone,” notes Dr. O’Connor. “That’s the hormone that is secreted by the brain that triggers the release of the egg from the follicle.”
• The process of releasing a mature egg from the follicle occurs over the course of 12 to 24 hours.
• When estrogen levels reach their peak, they trigger the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the brain, which causes the egg to be released from the follicle.
• During the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle (which corresponds to the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle), the follicle in the ovary prepares an egg and the uterine lining rebuilds.
• The term 'follicular' refers to follicles, which are small, fluid-filled sacs in the ovaries that each contain one immature egg.
• A dominant follicle develops more quickly than other follicles in the ovaries and matures the egg that will be released during ovulation.