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Panpsychism and neutral monism are closely related philosophical positions often discussed together in the context of the hard problem of consciousness [1] and the philosophy of mind [2]. Scholars like William James and Bertrand Russell have defended both views [3], with some interpretations suggesting that neutral monism can lead to or be regarded as a form of panpsychism {fact:6, fact:11, fact:14}.
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Panpsychism - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 6 facts
perspectivePhilip Goff believes that neutral monism can reasonably be regarded as a form of panpsychism in so far as it is a dual aspect view.
claimIn versions of neutral monism where the fundamental constituents are both mental and physical, the philosophy may lead to panpsychism, panprotopsychism, or dual aspect theory.
claimNeutral monism is a philosophical position that can be formulated in ways where the world's fundamental constituents are neither mental nor physical, making it distinct from panpsychism.
perspectiveProponents of panpsychism, particularly those with neutral monist tendencies, argue that the problem of mental causation is a false dichotomy because mind and matter are two sides of the same coin, and mental causation is merely the extrinsic description of intrinsic properties of mind.
claimBertrand Russell held neutral monist views that tended toward panpsychism.
claimNeutral monism, panpsychism, and dual aspect theory are grouped together or used interchangeably in some contexts.
Panpsychism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu 3 facts
claimWilliam James's panpsychism originated from his "neutral monism," which posits that the fundamental nature of reality is neither mental nor physical, but a third form that can be regarded as either mental or physical from different viewpoints.
referenceE.L. Holman published the article 'Panpsychism, Physicalism, Neutral Monism and the Russellian Theory of Mind' in the Journal of Consciousness Studies in 2008.
referenceThe chapter "Panpsychism and Neutral Monism: How to Make Up One’s Mind" was published in the book edited by Brüntrup and Jaskolla in 2016, pages 249–282.
Hard Problem of Consciousness | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu 3 facts
claimNeutral monism, panpsychism, and dualism all share the premise that consciousness is as basic as, or more basic than, physical properties.
claimDual aspect theory, neutral monism, and panpsychism hold that phenomenal properties cannot be reduced to basic physical properties, but may reduce to a more basic substance that possesses both physical and phenomenal properties.
claimNeutral monism and panpsychism have experienced a revival in contemporary philosophy as responses to the hard problem of consciousness.
Hard problem of consciousness - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 3 facts
claimWilliam James, Alfred North Whitehead, Arthur Eddington, and Bertrand Russell defended forms of panpsychism and neutral monism in the early twentieth century.
claimPanpsychism and neutral monism are philosophical views that consider consciousness to be intrinsic to matter.
claimThomas Nagel, Galen Strawson, Philip Goff, and David Chalmers have revived interest in panpsychism and neutral monism in recent decades.
Panpsychism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2015 Edition) plato.stanford.edu 2 facts
claimGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's panpsychism is a form of idealism that favors the mental realm, distinguishing it from Baruch Spinoza's neutral monism.
claimWilliam James's panpsychism originated from his 'neutral monism,' which posits that reality is neither inherently mental nor physical but possesses a basic character that can be viewed as either.
Consciousness, Physicalism, and Panpsychism - R Discovery discovery.researcher.life 2 facts
claimNeutral monism, as analyzed in the context of William James's philosophy, does not provide complete independence of a substance from mental and physical properties, which may lead the theory toward panpsychism unless it is an idealistic variety.
referenceThe research article titled 'Consciousness, Physicalism, and Panpsychism' (published December 30, 2020) introduces William James's philosophy of mind, specifically examining his views on panpsychism, neutral monism, and the combination problem.
PANPSYCHISM (Philosophy of Mind Series) - Amazon.com amazon.com 1 fact
perspectiveThe reviewer argues that panpsychism is not limited to physicalism but can be integrated into any metaphysical system, including neutral monism, dual-aspect monism, dualism, and idealism.
Panpsychism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu 1 fact
referenceThe Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Panpsychism lists related entries including George Berkeley, consciousness, René Descartes, dualism, emergent properties, epiphenomenalism, Charles Hartshorne, William James, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, mereology, monism, neutral monism, pantheism, physicalism, qualia, quantum theory and consciousness, Josiah Royce, Baruch Spinoza, Alfred North Whitehead, and Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt.